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【628568.com--出國新聞】
由于中美教育理念的差異,即使是在國內(nèi)優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生,初到美國讀書也會(huì)在課堂討論上面臨一連串的挑戰(zhàn)。今天本站小編就為即將出國讀高中的同學(xué)們解讀一下美國課堂討論的方方面面,來看看美國高中課堂討論形式及應(yīng)對(duì)技巧。
美國課堂討論的幾種形式:
1.全班討論
教師向全班提問,學(xué)生們舉手并被老師點(diǎn)名回答。但是答完這個(gè)問題后,其實(shí)你并不會(huì)就此“脫身”!老師可能會(huì)問你一個(gè)后續(xù)的問題,以檢查你是否真的明白:
如果你給出正確的答案,老師可能會(huì)問:“你怎么知道這些的?”“你為什么會(huì)這么認(rèn)為?”“你是怎么想的?”“你能想出另一個(gè)例子嗎?”(“How do you know that?” “Why do you think that is so?” “What led you to think that?” “Can you think of another example?” )
如果你給出了模糊的,或不正確的答案,教師可能會(huì)提示,“再多說一點(diǎn)。”“你能分享另一個(gè)例子嗎?” (“Say more about that.” “Can you share another example?”)
老師可能會(huì)說:“轉(zhuǎn)過身,與同學(xué)一起談?wù)摦a(chǎn)生污染的三個(gè)原因(或任何其他話題)”
首先,與你的伙伴保持目光接觸。
其次,嘗試將你伙伴的話進(jìn)行簡單重述。 “I understand, you said…”
第三,準(zhǔn)備與全體成員分享你的想法。
3.小組討論
學(xué)生以3或4人小組形式,進(jìn)行討論并學(xué)習(xí)。
小組中的每個(gè)學(xué)生可能有特定的角色。 “記錄員”記筆記, “促進(jìn)者”檢查團(tuán)隊(duì)的討論是否契合主題,確保順利完成任務(wù)。“提問者”向團(tuán)隊(duì)中的成員提問,確保所有學(xué)生做出貢獻(xiàn)。 “計(jì)時(shí)員”觀察時(shí)間。
討論完成后,小組需要向全班同學(xué)分享成果。
4.辯論
辯論中有正方和反方。老師提出一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的想法,雙方準(zhǔn)備證據(jù)來證明他們的想法。
流程通常為:開場(chǎng)白,向?qū)Ψ教釂?,最后總結(jié)陳詞
可能有一名法官?zèng)Q定辯論的“勝利者”。
積極參加課堂討論有許多好處。請(qǐng)相信,你的想法非常寶貴,請(qǐng)大膽與同學(xué)們分享,讓我們彼此學(xué)習(xí)。來自不同國家和文化背景的學(xué)生能夠提供新的視角。因此不要害怕貢獻(xiàn)你的想法!
如何在美國課堂討論中脫穎而出?
1.做充分的準(zhǔn)備
首先要對(duì)書本上的內(nèi)容特別了解,可以對(duì)于關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容做好筆記。
只有在充分了解的基礎(chǔ)上你才能形成自己的觀點(diǎn),并參與進(jìn)討論。
2.學(xué)會(huì)傾聽別人的發(fā)言
課堂討論絕非把自己準(zhǔn)備好的內(nèi)容說完就萬事大吉了,要嘗試對(duì)于別人的發(fā)言進(jìn)行回應(yīng),這樣才會(huì)有思維上的碰撞和交流。
3.利用一切資源去提高自己的英語能力
學(xué)會(huì)想盡一切辦法去提高自己的口語能力——參加學(xué)校的俱樂部,課后活動(dòng),沒事就和住家聊天。
當(dāng)你的交流能力上來了,在課上表達(dá)的就會(huì)越來越多。
4.任何進(jìn)步都需要時(shí)間
11年級(jí)的Shiru回憶自己戰(zhàn)勝“課堂討論”這一難題時(shí)這樣說:“開始時(shí)我特別緊張,我記得我第一次討論只得了60多分,有了第一次經(jīng)驗(yàn)之后我就努力去適應(yīng),第二次我就盡我所能去多說,我進(jìn)步了一些但還是不好。隨著第一年里的不斷累積,我最終適應(yīng)了美國的課堂討論。”
最后附美國課堂討論常用表達(dá)總結(jié):
表達(dá)自己意見:
I think that…
It seems to me that… 可以用語表達(dá)意見,或者summarize和confirm對(duì)方說的話。
I would argue that… 這里用would弱化語氣
Just to go along with what yousaid…
Going back to what you said
同意或者反對(duì)
I agree with you.
Building on what xx has justsaid…
I am with you… but [mainpoint], 這里I am with you 不一定表示同意也不一定表示反對(duì),它主要的意思時(shí)說‘你說的聽懂了/我跟上你說的了
I follow your logic, but haveyou thought about/considered this … [main point] 同上一句
I see what you are saying, but I’mnot sure I would argue that …’
With all due respect, I think…
謙虛的反對(duì)
Correct me if I’m wrong, butisn’t [different opinion or topic]
I’m not an expert on… it seemsto me that…
I might be wrong, but…
I suspect that I lack some[background] information about this aspect, but here is my two cents.
I am not sure about this, youmight want to check with Professor X… Would you mind letting me know whathe/she says?
[別人說了很多之后] this is oneway to look at it. Another way to look at it might be…
疑惑追問:
Just to clarify …
May I ask a follow-up question?
Could you say more (about it)?*
Could you elaborate on this?
會(huì)議報(bào)告,演講之后提問
1. That’s an amazing model/useful concept,but it occurred to me that [this/something] might also play a role … have you considered?
2. Thanksfor your talk. I completely agree with your conclusion, but as I’m sure you ‘reaware, Dr. XX explains this in a different way, and I was wondering if youcould address her theory. * But as I’m sure you’re aware’ 完全是給對(duì)方一個(gè)臺(tái)階下,可能那個(gè)理論他根本沒有考慮過,但是如果對(duì)方很senior,我們也需要客套一下
需求幫助:
I was wondering if I could talkto you about… 一般都是用過去時(shí),在email里面也是如此。而且,雖然was wondering/hoping 這種進(jìn)行時(shí)看起來很奇怪,但是用法就是這樣的
I was hoping that if I couldtalk to you about…
I was wondering if it’d bepossible that you…
Sorry to bother you, Professor X
I realize this is an unusualrequest …
I realize that you are verybusy…
Thanks for your time…
Thanks in advance for your help
I would be great if you could …常用