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【628568.com--雅思】

　　雅思寫作模板

　　官方的范文一般是考官所寫，而且都是滿分作文。比如：

　　In many countries, schools have severe problems with student behavior.

　　What do you think are the causes of this?

　　What solutions can you suggest?

　　本題來自劍橋4，TEST4的TASK 2，屬于report題型，題目簡單闡述了一個(gè)事實(shí)，即學(xué)生在學(xué)校的行為問題比較普遍，需要分析其原因，并給出相應(yīng)的解決方法。在這本書的答案部分，考官提供了a good example，原文摘錄如下：

　　Paragraph 1: Introduction

　　Poor student behavior seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are probably responsible for this.

　　分析：

　　本段首先改述了題中的事實(shí)，所用詞匯和句子結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)大部分學(xué)生來說都比較容易接受，是很好的參考內(nèi)容;在表述自己觀點(diǎn)中，考官明確提出是什么原因(modernlifestyles)導(dǎo)致(be responsible for在這里理解為‘導(dǎo)致、引起’，學(xué)生可以模仿利用這種好的短語)了學(xué)生的行為問題，這種表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的方式很直接，但是很多學(xué)生的概括能力還并未達(dá)到這個(gè)程度，所以不太能在introduction中可以直接表達(dá)這樣的觀點(diǎn)，大部分都會(huì)表達(dá)為：Ithink several reasons contribute to this phenomenon.此外，題中給出了兩個(gè)問題，除了問及這個(gè)現(xiàn)象的理由之外，還需要給出解決方法，但考官并未在開頭段中回答第二個(gè)問題。作為學(xué)生來說，他們會(huì)感到困惑，report題型的作文，在開頭段中到底需不需要全部回答問題，而在平時(shí)，老師的回答都是‘需要’，所以對(duì)于這樣的introduction，學(xué)生需要保持自己的寫作習(xí)慣，不能完全照搬。

　　學(xué)生習(xí)作范例：

　　It is true that many schools are troubled by students’ behavioral problems.(簡單的事實(shí)改寫)There are various reasons for this phenomenon, but measures could be taken to tackle the problem(簡單地回答了題中的兩個(gè)問題).這樣簡單明了的introduction，完全可以和考官范文媲美。

　　Paragraph 2:

　?、買n many countries, the birth rate is decreasing so that families are smaller with fewer children. ②These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this, but in more material ways. ③They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. ④This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from.

　　分析:

　　整個(gè)段落由四句話構(gòu)成。第一句話的表達(dá)比較簡單，學(xué)生很容易接受，值得學(xué)習(xí)，但從內(nèi)容上看，并不是整個(gè)段落的topic sentence，這種自由式的寫作風(fēng)格有違老師平時(shí)所講的段落結(jié)構(gòu)(topic sentence + explanation)，因此學(xué)生會(huì)感到迷惑，也不易模仿;第二句話中在介詞短語部分出現(xiàn)了平行結(jié)構(gòu)not…, but…，這種結(jié)構(gòu)讀起來節(jié)奏感很強(qiáng)，而且能形成鮮明的對(duì)比，指出現(xiàn)在的父母用錯(cuò)誤的方式寵愛孩子(以滿足物質(zhì)為主)，往往缺少關(guān)愛和關(guān)心;第三句話依然存在并行結(jié)構(gòu)，be allowed to do ……, and to do ……，進(jìn)一步指出父母對(duì)孩子的放縱;最后一句話還是用and連接前后兩個(gè)without，解釋前面的行為所帶來的后果。

　　整個(gè)段落基本以并行結(jié)構(gòu)為主，值得借鑒;在內(nèi)容方面，一步一步地解釋了父母對(duì)孩子放縱是導(dǎo)致孩子行為問題的原因，學(xué)生需要理解這其中的邏輯和層層遞進(jìn)的聯(lián)系，這也是學(xué)生平時(shí)欠缺的地方。

　　Paragraph 3:

　　When they get to school age they have not learnt any self-control or discipline. They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the way that their parents did.

　　分析：

　　只有兩句話，其實(shí)從本質(zhì)上講，這不能算作段落，似乎就這么沒頭沒尾地出現(xiàn)在了文中。這會(huì)讓學(xué)生產(chǎn)生很多的疑問：

　　1)這兩句話的作用是什么?

　　2)論述了什么內(nèi)容?

　　3)topic sentence是什么?

　　4)在寫作的過程中，什么情況下可以這樣論述?

　　等等這些問題，對(duì)并不是local English or American老師也是很大的挑戰(zhàn)，不知該如何解釋，因?yàn)檫@種段落悖于平常的講解和所見，所以只能告訴學(xué)生不要去模仿這樣的寫法。

　　Paragraph 4:

　?、賂eachers continually complain about this problem and measures should be taken to combat the situation. ②But I think the solution to the problem lies with the families, who need to be more aware of the future consequences of spoiling their children. ③If they could raise them to be considerate of others and to be social, responsible individuals, the whole community would benefit.

　　分析：

　　第一句話針對(duì)題目問題，簡單做出回答，這種方式學(xué)生完全可以模仿參考;短語combat the situation可以作為同義替換加入自己的詞匯庫;第二句話就上面段落論述的原因給出相應(yīng)的解決方法;第三句話是對(duì)前者解決方法的深度論述。

　　段落用詞簡單準(zhǔn)確，句子結(jié)構(gòu)也并不復(fù)雜，學(xué)生完全可以理解模仿，是很好的參考材料。

　　Paragraph 5:

　　Perhaps parenting classes are needed to help them to do this, and high quality nursery schools could be established that would support families more in terms of raising the next generation. The government should fund this kind of parental support, because this is no longer a problem for individual families, but for society as a whole.

　　分析：

　　就目前國內(nèi)的雅思寫作教學(xué)來說，可能大部分的老師都會(huì)按照相對(duì)固定的方式教學(xué)，即明確告訴學(xué)生全篇寫4段或者5段：1 introduction + 2/3 body paragraphs + 1 conclusion。也就是說，不管是五段式或者是四段式作文，最后一段一定是結(jié)尾，其目的是通過對(duì)主體內(nèi)容的概括和開頭段的觀點(diǎn)保持呼應(yīng)，而這篇文章的結(jié)尾卻是論述解決學(xué)生行為問題的方法。就段落安排來說，這是學(xué)生不可理解的地方，也是老師不推薦學(xué)生模仿的地方。

　　從內(nèi)容來說，這里提到的解決方法特別好，同時(shí)也可以積累相關(guān)的詞匯，比如parenting classes (家庭教育課程)，high quality nursery schools (高質(zhì)量幼兒園)，raise the next generation (培養(yǎng)下一代)，fund sth (給…提供資金)，parental support (父母的支持);句子結(jié)構(gòu)不難，對(duì)大部分學(xué)生都可以接受，是很好的素材。

　　最后，我們不能成為參考范文的被動(dòng)接受者，而應(yīng)該加入自己的理解，真正地、徹底地明白為什么會(huì)有這樣的范文，哪些內(nèi)容值得借鑒再利用，哪些可以摒棄，自己的思路和范文的差距在哪里。參考的價(jià)值就在于甄別的過程，而不是照搬。

　　雅思寫作模板

　　雅思寫作素材必備：小作文寫作技巧及原則

　　開頭句

　　A.【bar graph/column graph直方圖】【pie chart/餅狀圖】【line graph/曲線圖】

　　【solid line/實(shí)線】【break line/虛線】【dot line/點(diǎn)狀線】

　　【show/indicate/outline/illustrate】thegeneral pattern of …

　　B.【number/rate/percentage/figure】of …【rise/fall/increase/decrease/shoot up/decline】

　　【dramatically/sharply/steadily/slightly/drastically/gradually】from in to in

　　1. 描述曲線： 【reach its peak/top/bottom/valley】【audiy.com】【remain the same】

　　【level off/taper off】【fluctuate wildly/mildly】

　　2. 數(shù)據(jù)升降：lose it attraction/become a general favorite

　　3. 同向變化：The trend continues through out the graph.

　　4. 事物歸類：be categorized under 10 headings/be divided into 10 stages

　　5. 兩張圖表： the first piece of data/ the second set of date

　　6. 數(shù)據(jù)下降：10 percent of people preferred to do A in 1200, but only 5 percent of people stuck to the same preference in 1300.

　　7. 最低數(shù)據(jù)：Each year/month, there were at least 5 people involved in …

　　8. 數(shù)據(jù)接近：The year 1200 saw the least difference between A and B.

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　　9. 數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)：To sum up, the relation ship between A and B appear (inversely)

　　proportional.

　　10. 數(shù)據(jù)組成：The total number is 100. Of this figure, 10 are A, 20 are B and 70 are

　　C. Therefore, C accounts for the greatest number.

　　11. 數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比：A occupies only 5%, which stands in marked contrast to the 95% of B 闡述原因：

　　A. People’s preference for bicycle reflects public dissatisfaction with bus service.

　　B. From the difference between... , we can see the changes in our society and…

　　C.It appears thatXXX directly affects the XXX-audiy.com

　　D. Obviously, people’s inclination to go out contributes to the decrease.

　　展望未來：

　　A.There might be a tendency of decreasing in the future.

　　B.The tendency would be continuing because…

　　Over the period from 1200 to 1300, the trend was towards a decrease in A, while there was an upward trend in B. There was a dramatic fall in A from 1205. However, from the year 1230 on, the rate of decrease slowed down and there was a more gradual reduction in A, reaching a figure of 10,000 in 1270. The number in B rose steadily, reaching 2000 in 1210, to a peak of 4000 in 1290.

　　數(shù)據(jù)翻倍：

　　A. It is 10 in 1200, but 30 in 1300,increased three times.

　　B. From just 100 in 1200 to over 4 times this amount in 1300.

　　比較速度：

　　A. In 1200, increase was spectacular, compared with 1300.

　　B. A shows the greatest increase. B also shows an increase but it’s not as dramatic. 雅思寫作小作文原則：

　　A.不可能寫的很好，關(guān)鍵是要很穩(wěn)地寫清楚。

　　B.概括一些內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)性或原因推測作為總結(jié)。

　　雅思寫作模板

　　雅思小作文寫作模板常用套路：

　　開頭

　　This graph/pie chart/table/bar chart reflects the (rate/percentage/proportion/number …) of (對(duì)象) in(place/country)from …to…

　　According to the figure ， it is not surpring findings that there was/were 總體趨勢的描述(the overall trend tended to indicate…/the general trend is…/其他)

　　結(jié)尾

　　In conclude ， the overall trend tended to illustrate ……during this **-year period

　　雅思小作文模板——線狀圖

　　1.先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平穩(wěn)

　　According to the data ， the years from …to…saw/winess a rise/climb/drop in the number/rate/percentage/proportion of 對(duì)象 from數(shù)據(jù)to數(shù)據(jù)，which was followed by a rapid decrease/reduce/increase over the ** years.

　　The number/rate…droped/went up again from…in ** year to…in ** year and then went up/clined gradually until ** year ，when there was a leveling off/leveling out at 數(shù)據(jù) for 一段時(shí)間。

　　2.對(duì)峰值和低谷的描述

　　Also it can be noticed that in ** year ，the number/percentage … reached the buttom . However/on the contrary，**year saw the peak during this period.

　　……時(shí)間點(diǎn) ，when the number/percentage reached(amounted to)to a peak of… / a high point at …

　　……時(shí)間點(diǎn)，when the number/percentage bottomed out (at…)

　　3.趨勢相同描述

　　The proportion/number of 對(duì)象 in the xx and xx are similar and follow the same trend.In ** the figures were xx% and xx% respectively，rising to xx% and xx% respectively in **，after dipping to xx% and xx% respectively in **.(總體的趨勢介紹)Thereafter，分開介紹即可

　　4.對(duì)未來的表述以及轉(zhuǎn)換詞

　　…is projected to…… as to

　　…is expected to…… as for

　　…is forcasted to …… …is estimated to…

　　5. 對(duì)波動(dòng)的描述

　　as can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the flutuation of…

　　如圖所示，兩條曲線描述了…的波動(dòng)情況。

　　……fluctuated dramatically between xx% and xx% during …period .

　　此外，在描述過程中還有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下：

　　并列： as well as(句首/中)， also， as well(句尾)， either， neither， too， moreover， furthermore， in addition， additionally， besides， what’s more， apart from …

　　舉例： for example， for instance， to illustrate， as an illustration， in particular， particularly， especially

　　事實(shí)： as a matter of fact， in fact， actually， as long as， so long as …

　　雷同/近似：similarly， likewise(句首/尾)， at the same time， equally …

　　轉(zhuǎn)折： however， whereas， nevertheless， nonetheless， though， although， even though， while， yet， on the contrary， contrarily， in contrast， conversely， on the other hand， unlikely， instead (of)， in spite of， despite of …

　　雅思小作文模板——柱狀圖

　　柱狀圖和線型圖寫法一致，并且結(jié)合餅狀圖來寫!

　　表格題

　　1. 找出最大值，最小值，以及一般值

　　2. 進(jìn)行分析比較，找出近似值和相差很大的數(shù)值

　　常用句式

　　1.a is nearly /more than…times as much/many/large as b.

　　a是b的…倍。

　　3. be the same as…

　　與…相同

　　4.表原因的句子：

　　(1). cause-effect (較常用) ：XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for … (一個(gè)句子/shared the same tendency)， therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / (and) so …

　　(2). effect-cause (較常用)

　　XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of … (一個(gè)句子/shared the same tendency)， because …

　　it is adj. that …

　　it is unimaginable that …

　　it is undeniable that …

　　it is interesting to discover that …

　　5.與餅狀題類似

　　雅思小作文模板——餅狀圖

　　1.描述

　　It is clear that the most (adj.) xx is A， which accounts for m% of all x . B is the next largest(adj.)xx ，n% lower than A of all x and followed closely by C . The above three items of xx take uo about o% of the x%

　　By contrast D E andF make uo the smallest percentage of total x ， which are p% q% and r% ，respectively.

　　The regions can be divided into two groups-one where … and the other where the reverse is the case.

　　2.比較，占據(jù)，百分?jǐn)?shù)

　　Form， comprise， make up， occupy

　　Constitute， cover， represent， account for

　　Be shared by

　　In 1950， the urban population represented less than 13% of the total. It is now about 40% and is expected to reach 60% by 2030. (摘自BBC)

　　3.比例，倍數(shù)

　　A quarter of…

　　Half of…

　　A majority of…

　　A has something in common with b

　　A shares some similarity with b

　　The difference between a and b lies in…

　　Double， triple， quadruple (v， n， adj)

　　原來的2倍-double， 50→100

　　原來的3倍-triple， 50→150

　　原來的4倍-quadruple， 50→200

　　The value of the house has increased fourfold (=it is now worth four times as much as before).

　　…be twice as adj. as …..

　　…more than xx times as adj. as …..

　　雅思小作文模板句必備句型

　　1.the table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to... 該表格描述了在...年之...年間...數(shù)量的變化。

　　2.the bar chart illustrates that... 該柱狀圖展示了...

　　3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding... 該圖為我們提供了有關(guān)...有趣數(shù)據(jù)。

　　4.the diagram shows (that)... 該圖向我們展示了...

　　5.the pie graph depicts (that).... 該圓形圖揭示了...

　　6.this is a cure graph which describes the trend of... 這個(gè)曲線圖描述了...的趨勢。

　　7.the figures/statistics show (that)... 數(shù)據(jù)(字)表明...

　　8.the tree diagram reveals how... 該樹型圖向我們揭示了如何...

　　9.the data/statistics show (that)... 該數(shù)據(jù)(字)可以這樣理解...

　　10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that... 這些數(shù)據(jù)資料令我們得出結(jié)論...

　　11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table... 如圖所示...

　　12.according to the chart/figures... 根據(jù)這些表(數(shù)字)...

　　13.as is shown in the table... 如表格所示...

　　14.as can be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in... 從圖中可以看出，...發(fā)生了巨大變化。

　　15.from the table/chart/diagram/figure, we can see clearly that...or it is clear/apparent from the chart that... 從圖表我們可以很清楚(明顯)看到...

　　16.this is a graph which illustrates... 這個(gè)圖表向我們展示了...

　　17.this table shows the changing proportion of a & b from...to... 該表格描述了...年到...年間a與b的比例關(guān)系。

　　18.the graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in... 該圖以圓形圖形式描述了...總的趨勢。

　　19.this is a column chart showing... 這是個(gè)柱型圖，描述了...

　　20.as can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of... 如圖所示，兩條曲線描述了...的波動(dòng)情況。

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